Prostate cancer prevention, risk factors, and causes. Family history ones risk of prostate cancer is higher if you have a father, brother or son with prostate cancer race prostate cancer is more common among african american men and less. The only fully established risk factors for prostate cancer are increasing age, africanamerican ethnicity, and family history of the disease. The current lifetime risk of prostate cancer for men living in the united states is estimated to be approximately one in nine, but incidence is highly.
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, with over 1. The risk factors of prostate cancer and its prevention. A listing and description of the risk factors and causes associated with prostate cancer. Other risk factors for prostate cancer are social and environmental factors particularly a high fat, high processed carbohydrate dietand lifestyle. Studies have shown an elevated risk of prostate cancer among men with changes in brca1 and brca2 inherited genes. The risk of prostate cancer was inversely related to the number of cigarettes smoked daily p 0. Risk factors for prostate cancer canadian cancer society. With stage i, ii, iii and some stage iv cancers before the cancer has. A risk factor is anything that raises your risk of getting a disease such as cancer. There is evidence of a genetic predisposition to prostate cancer.
See more information on how inherited genes can be a cause of cancer. An update on the risk factors for prostate cancer world cancer. As men grow older, their risk of developing prostate cancer increases. On the global level, prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death among men jemal et al. A risk factor is anything that increases your chances of getting a disease such as cancer. Be sure to not smoke, because prostate cancer risk may double for heavy smokers. The survival rates by stage of the cancer tells a different story. A risk factor is something that makes you more likely to develop a certain disease. Risk factors2, 3 age although men of any age can get prostate cancer, the chance of having it increases rapidly after age 50. Our clinical genetics experts can help assess your actual level of risk for the.
Prostate cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the prostate. Raceethnicity prostate cancer develops more often in africanamerican men and in caribbean men of african ancestry than in men of other races. Of the several known prostate cancer risk factors, the most important are. More than 80% of prostate cancers are diagnosed in people who are 65 or older. The single largest risk factor for prostate cancer is age. Increased consumption of red meat or highfat dairy products have an increased risk for developing. Researchers have found several factors that might affect a mans risk of getting prostate cancer, mostly from among the risk factors you cant control. Prostate cancer is rare in men younger than 40, but the chance of having prostate cancer rises rapidly after age 50. As indicated by the rates of diagnosis, age is the biggestbut not the onlyrisk factor for prostate cancer. Prostate cancer causes, risk factors, and prevention 1. Inflammation is often seen in samples of prostate tissue that also contain cancer. About 60% of all prostate cancers are diagnosed in men older than 65.
Doctors cannot explain why one man gets prostate cancer and another does not, but they are learning more about risk factors for prostate cancer. Men should discuss prostate cancer screening with their physicians and make individual decisions about whether to undergo this type of testing. Researchers are studying factors that may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. This type of prostate cancer develops because of a combination of shared genes and shared environmental or lifestyle factors. Prostate cancer is diagnosed most often in men in their 60s. It is very rare for men under the age of 40 to develop prostate cancer. Hamid department of urology, faculty of medicine universitas indonesia cipto mangunkusumo hospital, jakarta, indonesia. Etiology of prostate cancer global cancer observatory iarc. The older a man gets, the more likely he will develop prostate cancer. These glands help to secrete a thin opalescent, slightly alkaline fluid that is a part of seminal fluid. Study of agespecific incidence curves reveals that prostate cancer risk begins to rise sharply after age 55 years and. According to the american cancer society, 1 in 6 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer in a lifetime with 1 in 36 succumbing to prostate cancer. Some men are at increased risk for prostate cancer.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not known, but research has shown that several factors may be involved, including age, diet, lifestyle factors, obesity, genetics, and race. Men who have a relative with prostate cancer are twice as likely to develop the disease, while those with 2 or more relatives are nearly 4 times as likely to be. Prostate cancer pc is a major international health problem at present. While it is important to get checked regularly, you may want to increase. Pdf prostate cancer has a complex etiology, and multiple factors have been identified which increase the risk for developing this malignancy. Besides being male, there are a number of known risk factors for prostate cancer, including age, lifestyle, race, and family history. Prostate cancer is one of the most common male cancers, though many men are unaware of the factors that put them at risk. Age over 65 this is the main risk factor for prostate cancer. Its rare to develop prostate cancer before age 40, but after age 55 the risk rises rapidly. The only risk factors for prostate cancer that can be considered established are age, raceethnicity, and family history. Racialethnic background the risk for prostate cancer is higher in african american men and in caribbean men of african ancestry than in men of other.
It is one of the com monest lifethreatening malignancies afflicting men the world over1. Factors other than ethnicity are likely involved, since asianamerican men have a higher incidence of prostate cancer than asian men living in asia, and the incidence of prostate cancer in asian men living in the united states and europe is currently increasing. Some risk factors are modifiable, such as lifestyle or environmental risk factors, and others cannot be modified, such as inherited factors or whether someone in the family has had cancer. Prostate cancer causes, risk factors, and prevention. Risk factors for prostate cancer urology care foundation. In 2012, it was the second most commonly diagnosed. But having a risk factor, or even several, does not mean that you will get the disease. Older men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer can face unique challenges, specifically with regard to cancer. Other risk factors include family history, genetics, race, and lifestyle.
But sometimes prostate cancer develops in men who dont have any of the risk factors described below. Research has shown that in obese men, recovery from surgery tends to be. The older a man is, the greater the chance of getting prostate cancer. The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, especially after age 50. The risk of prostate cancer increases as men grow older. Prostate cancer risk is determined by many factors, including age, race, and family history, as well as diet and lifestyle factors. American asian and hispanic men have a lower risk of prostate cancer than their nonhispanic white counterparts. Prostate cancer that runs in a family, called familial prostate cancer, makes up about 20% of all prostate cancers. Other risk factors for prostate cancer include age, ethnicity, and family history. Benign prostatic hyperplasia bph is common among older men.
But there are things you can do that might lower your risk. Pdf an update on the risk factors for prostate cancer researchgate. About 6 in 10 cases of prostate cancer are found in men older than 65. Men who are overweight or obese are at greater risk of ultimately developing an aggressive form of prostate cancer. Dietary factors and risk of advanced prostate cancer. Prostate cancer causes and risk factors ehealth zine. The following factors may raise a mans risk of developing prostate cancer. Your chance of getting prostate cancer depends on your personal risk factors. Prostate cancer is more common in north america, northwestern europe and also australia.
Prostate cancer most commonly occurs in men over the age of 65 about 23 of prostate cancer in men occur at this age. Overall, the lifetime risk of a man developing prostate cancer is around 10%. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in most developed countries and an emerging public health problem in developing countries jemal et al. Inherited genetic factors may be related to 5 to 10 percent of prostate cancers. Learn more about the risk factors for prostate cancer. Study of agespecific incidence curves reveals that prostate cancer risk begins to rise sharply after age 55 years and peaks at age 7074, declining slightly thereafter.
It is about the size of a walnut and surrounds part of the urethra the tube that. These prostate cells look abnormal under a microscope risk factors of prostate cancer family history a mans risk is higher if his father or brother had prostate cancer age age is the main risk factor for prostate cancer. For more information visit what causes prostate cancer. The single greatest risk factor for prostate cancer is age. Others, like a persons age or family history, cant be changed. Hereditary prostate cancer, meaning the cancer is inherited from a relative, is rare and accounts for. Pdf on dec 2, 2010, bruce turner and others published prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the tissues of the prostate. A risk factor is any factor that is associated with increasing someones chances of developing a certain condition, such as cancer. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system. Learn more about who is at risk for prostate cancer at webmd. Age is the most significant risk factor for prostate cancer with increasing age associated with an increasing risk.
Prostate cancer has the highest incidence of all noncutaneous cancers among. Inconsistent associations between behavioral factors and prostate cancer risk seen in previous studies may in part be due to uncontrolled. Men who have a relative with prostate cancer are twice as likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Risk factors for prostate cancer american council on. Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer affecting american men. Risk factors for prostate cancer pubmed central pmc. Research has almost conclusively established a role for. The causes of prostate cancer are not well understood. The chance of being diagnosed with prostate cancer increases after age 50. This is because the prostate gets larger over time and may begin to cause urinary symptoms. The centers for disease control and prevention estimates that roughly 2. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in american men, behind only lung cancer.
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